Kolmogorov extraction and resource-bounded zero-one laws

Traditional extractors show how to efficiently extract randomness from weak random sources with help of small truly random bits. Recent breakthroughs on multi-source extractors gave an efficient way to extract randomness from independent sources. We apply these techniques to extract Kolmogorov complexity. More formally: 1. for any [alpha]\u3e 0, given a string x with K(x)\u3e (x)[superscript a], we show how to use O(log (x)) bits of advice to efficiently compute another string y, (y) = (x)[superscript omega (1)], with K(y)\u3e (y) - O(log (y)); 2. for any [alpha, xi]\u3e 0, given a string x with K(x)\u3e [alpha] (x), we show how to use a constant number of advice bits to efficiently compute another string y, (y) = [omega]((x)), with K(y)\u3e (1 - [epsilon])(y). This result holds for both classical and space-bounded Kolmogorov complexity. We use the above extraction procedure for space-bounded complexity to establish zero-one laws for both polynomial-space strong dimension and strong scaled dimension. Our results include: (i) If Dim[subscript pspace](E)\u3e 0, then Dim[subscript pspace](E/O(l)) = 1. (ii) Dim(E/O(l) l ESPACE) is either 0 or 1. (iii) Dim(E/poly l ESPACE) is either 0 or 1. (iv) Either Dim[superscript (1) over subscript psspace](E/O(n)) = 0 or Dim[superscript ( -1) over subscript pspace(E/0(n)) = 1. In other words, from a dimension standpoint and with respect to a small amount of advice, the exponential-time class E is either minimally complex or maximally complex within ESPACE

Approach to the Problem of Operation Task and Platform Resource Matching based on MPLDS and PWS

AbstractThe Problem of operation tasks and platform resources matching(MPoTP) is the main topic in the preparation phase of battle. In order to consider the loss of the platform capacity in the process of combat, the loss coefficient is introduced in the process of problem modeling, and the problem model can be more conformable with actual combat. An approach to the problem model based on the multi-PRI list dynamic scheduling (MPLDS) and pair-wise exchange (PWE) is proposed. In the basic of the solution which is obtained by MPLDS algorithm, the PWE method is imported which improves the solution by considering all possible task assignment sequences obtained by exchanging the task at the current place in the assignment sequence with some other task. At last, the superiority and applicability of this approach are illuminated by case analysis

A Semipersistent Plant Virus Differentially Manipulates Feeding Behaviors of Different Sexes and Biotypes of Its Whitefly Vector.

It is known that plant viruses can change the performance of their vectors. However, there have been no reports on whether or how a semipersistent plant virus manipulates the feeding behaviors of its whitefly vectors. Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) (genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae) is an emergent plant virus in many Asian countries and is transmitted specifically by B and Q biotypes of tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), in a semipersistent manner. In the present study, we used electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique to investigate the effect of CCYV on the feeding behaviors of B. tabaci. The results showed that CCYV altered feeding behaviors of both biotypes and sexes of B. tabaci with different degrees. CCYV had stronger effects on feeding behaviors of Q biotype than those of B biotype, by increasing duration of phloem salivation and sap ingestion, and could differentially manipulate feeding behaviors of males and females in both biotype whiteflies, with more phloem ingestion in Q biotype males and more non-phloem probing in B biotype males than their respective females. With regard to feeding behaviors related to virus transmission, these results indicated that, when carrying CCYV, B. tabaci Q biotype plays more roles than B biotype, and males make greater contribution than females

Primary clear cell adenocarcinoma of the bladder with recurrence: a case report and literature review

Clear cell carcinoma of the bladder is a rare tumor of the bladder. There are few reports available on this rare disease, and no cases with recurrence were reported. Here we present a case of 68-year-old woman with primary clear cell carcinoma of the bladder, who underwent repeat TUR-BT and tumor recurrence. We also reviewed the previous treatments and prognoses in previous case reports and evaluate the proper treatment for this disease. Once the diagnosis is determined, the radical surgery should be recommended. The recurrence is not prevented based on post-TUR intravesical therapy

The spatiotemporal features of Greenhouse Gases Emissions from Biomass Burning in China from 2000-2012

Greenhouse gases emissions from biomass burning have been given a little attention, especially the spatiotemporal features of biomass burning sources and greenhouse gases emissions have not been comprehensively uncovered. This research undertook IPCC bottom-up inventory guideline to estimate Chinese greenhouse gases emissions from biomass burning and applied geographical information system to reveal biomass burning emissions spatiotemporal features. The purposes were to quantify greenhouse gases emissions from various biomass burning sources and to uncover the spatial and temporal emissions features so to deliver future policy implications in China. The results showed that the average annual biomass burning emissions in China from 2000-2012 were 880.66 Mt for CO2, 96.59 Mt CO2-eq for CH4, and 16.81 Mt CO2-eq for N2O. The spatial pattern of biomass greenhouse gases emissions showed about 50 % of national emission were in the east and south-central regions. The majority of biomass burning emissions were from firewood and crop residues, which accounted for more than 90 % of national biomass burning emissions. All types of biomass burning emissions exhibited similar temporal trends from 2000-2012, with strong inter-annual variability and fluctuant increase. The large grassland and forest fires induced the significant greenhouse gases emissions peaks in the years of 2001, 2003 and 2006. We found that biofuel burning, with low combustion efficiency, is the major emission source. Open burning of biomass was widespread in China, and east and south-central regions were the major distribution of biomass burning greenhouse gases emission. Optimized design for improving the efficiency of biomass utilization and making emission control policy combination with its spatiotemporal features will be the effective way to reduce the biomass burning emissions